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¦b¤G¹s¹s¤@¦~§Ú´¿¸g¦b¡i®É¥N½×¾Â¡jµoªí¡q®£©Æ¥D¸q»P°ò·þ±Ð²z©Ê¯´§Ç¡r¤@¤å¡A¦b¨º½g¤å³¹§Ú±j½Õ¤W«Ò¤£·|­I­t¦Û¤v¡A¥L¤£·|¹H¤Ï¦Û¤vªº²z©Ê¯´§Ç¡B¹D¼w«ß¡C¦ý³ÌªñŪ¸t¦h°¨¨È«¶®³¡]St. Thomas Aquinas¡^ªºµÛ§@¡A«o¥O§Ú§xÂZ¤£¤w¡A¦]¬°¨È«¶®³¦ü¥G¥H¬°¤W«Ò¥i¥H¹H­I´¶¹Mªº¹D¼w¦ÛµM«ß¡C

¸t¦h°¨¨È«¶®³¬O¤¤¥@¬ö¯«¾Çªº®õ¤s¥_¤æ¡A¥Lªº¦WµÛ¡i¯«¾Ç¤j¥þ¡j¡]Summa Theologica¡^³QÅA¬°·B¬ü§»°¶ªº¤j±Ð°ó¡A¦]¬°¨ä¤º®e³Õ¤jºë²`¡B¨äÅÞ¿è¬[ºcÄYÂÔ¡C¦b¡i¯«¾Ç¤j¥þ¡j¤¤¡A¨È«¶®³´¿¸g°Q½×¡u¤W«Òªº«ß¥O¡v¡]Divine law¡^©M¹D¼w·N¸qªº¡u¦ÛµM«ß¡v¡]natural law¡^¤§Ãö«Y¡C

¡i¯«¾Ç¤j¥þ¡j¥H°Ýµª§Î¦¡ªí¹F¨È«¶®³ªº«ä·Q¡A³o¬O¡u°²·Q¬D¾ÔªÌ¡vªº»¡¸Ü¡G¡u±þ®`µL¶d¡B«Á²]¡B°½Åѳ£¬O¹H¤Ï¡]¹D¼w¡^¦ÛµM«ß¡A¦ý¬O¡A§Ú­Ìµo²{³o¨Ç³£³Q¯«©Ò§ïÅÜ¡A¤W«Ò´¿¸g©R¥O¨È§B©Ô¨u±þ¦º¥LµL¶dªº¨à¤l¡A¥L¤S©R¥OµS¤Ó¤Hµs¨ú®J¤Î¤Hªº°]ª«¡A¥L¤S§h©J¦ó¦è¨È°ù¤@¦W²]°ü¬°©d¡C¡v

¨È«¶®³³o¼Ë¦^µª¡G¡u©Ò¦³¤H¡AµL½×¬O¦³¸oÁÙ¬OµL¶d¡A²×Âk³£·|¦ÛµM¦a¦º¤`¡A¦ÛµM¦º¤`¬O¦]µÛ­ì¸o¦Ó¥Ñ¤W«Ò­°µ¹¥@¤H¡K¡K¦b¤W«Òªº©R¥O¤§¤U¡A¦º¤`¥i¥H­°µ¹¥ô¦ó¤H¡AµL½×¬O¦³¸oªºÁÙ¬OµL¶dªº¡A³o§¹¥þ¨S¦³¤£¤½¸qªº¦a¤è¡K¡K¸ò¥ô¦ó¤k¤Hµo¥Í©Ê¦æ¬°¡A¥u­n¬O¥X©ó¯«ªº©R¥O¡A´N¤£ºâ¬O²]¶Ã©ÎªÌ³q«Á¡A¦P¼Ë¹D²z¥i¥HÀ³¥Î¦b°½ÅÑ¡A¥ç§Y¬O®³¨ú¥L¤H°]ª«¡A¸Uª«ÄÝ©ó¤W«Ò¡A¥u­n¬O¯«ªº§h©J¡AµL½×®³¨ú¤°»ò¡A³£¤£ºâ¬O¹H¤Ïª«¥Dªº·NÄ@¡C¤£³æ¦b¤HÃþªÀ·|¤¤¡AµL½×¦ó¨Æ¯«ªº¦®·N³£¬O¹ïªº¡A¦Ó¥B¦b¦ÛµM¬É¤¤¥ç¤@¼Ë¡AµL½×¯«§@¤°»ò¨Æ¡A¦b¬Y­Ó·N¸q¤W¡A³£¬O¦ÛµMªº¡C¡v¡]Aquinas, 1956, 69-70¡^

¨È«¶®³¶i¤@¨B¬°µS¤Ó¤H®³¨ú®J¤Î¤Hªº°]ª«ÅGÅ@¡G¡u·í¦³¨Ç¤H³Q­é«d¦Ó¥¢¥h­ì¥»ÄÝ©ó¦Û¤vªºªF¦è¡A¦Ó¥L¡]³Q®³¨«°]ª«ªº¤H¡^¬¡¸Ó¥¢¥h°]ª«¡A³o¨Ã¤£ºâ¬O³Q¸T¤îªº°½ÅѩΪ̷m§T¡K¡K©Ò¥H¡A·í¥H¦â¦Cªº¨à¤l¦b¤W«Ò©R¥O¤§¤U±°¹Ü®J¤Î¤H¡A³o¤£¬O°½ÅÑ¡C¡v¡]cited in Burns, 2000, 933-934¡^

¬Fªv¾Ç®a»«´µ¡]Burns¡^¤£«È®ð¦a§åµû¨È«¶®³¦Û¬Û¥Ù¬Þ¡A¦]¬°¦b¨ä¥¦¦a¤è¡A¨È«¶®³«ü¥X¤é¦Õ°ÒÆZ±Ú¦X²z¤Æ¨ä·m±°¦æ®|¡A³o¬O©úÅã¦a¹H¤Ï¤F©ñ½Ñ¥|®ü¬Ò·Çªº¦ÛµM«ß¡C¦ý¥u­n¨È«¶®³´£¥X¤W«Ò¡A§Ï©»¦ÛµM«ß´N¥i¥H§ó§ï¡C¬ã¨sªk¾Çªº¨È¯è¡]Gavin Ahern¡^«ü¥X¡G¨È«¶®³µø¤W«Òªºªk«ß¬°¦X²zªº¡A¦]¬°®Ú¾Ú¨È«¶®³©Ò»¡¡A¦t©z¥Ñ¯«¸tªº²z©Ê¡]Divine reason¡^²Îªv¡A¨È¯è³o¼Ë¸ÑÄÀ¨È«¶®³ªº«e«á¥Ù¬Þ¡G¤W«Òªºªk«h¬O¯S§O±Ò¥Ü¡A¨Ã¤£¬O¾A¥Î©ó©Ò¦³¤H¡F¦ÛµM«ß¬O¤@¯ë±Ò¥Ü¡A¾A¥Î©ó©Ò¦³¤H¡C

§Ú»{¬°¡G¨È«¶®³³oºØ¯«¾Ç¨ã¦³¡u°ª«×¦MÀI©Ê¡v¡C¤¤¥@¬ö²§ºÝµô§P©Ò¡B¤Q¦r­xªF©º¡B¤Ñ¥D±Ð¹ïªk°ê­J­²¿Õ¬£ªº­¢®`¡A³£¬O¦b©Ò¿×¡u¤W«Òªº©R¥O¡v¤U¦Ó·Fªº¡A²{¥N¨Ò¤l¥ç«Ü¦h¡A¨Ò¦p¦b¬ü°ê¦³¨Ç·¥ºÝ°ò·þ®{¦b¼Z­L¶E©Ò¥~¿Ñ±þÂå¥Í¡A»¡³o¬O¤W«Ò©R¥O¥L¡u¥H±þ¤î±þ¡v¡F²Î¤@±Ð¥D¤åÂA©ú«Å´­¡u¤À¦å¡v¡A¨ä¹ê´N¬O©ÊÂø¥æ¡A¡u¤Ñ¤÷ªº¨à¤k¡v±Ð­ö¤k«H®{¡u±o¤H¦p±o³½¡v¡]body fishing¡^¡A¨ä¹ê´N¬O½æ²]¡A¤j½Ã±Ð¬£¡]Davidian¡^ªº±Ð¥D­ô®Ñ¡]David Koresh¡^¡A¤]¬O¥»µÛ¤W«Ò¦®·N¦Ó¸ò¤k©Ê«H®{µo¥Í©ÊÃö«Y¡C¦Ü©ó¡u³Q­é«dªÌ¦³Åv¨ú¦^¥»¨ÓÄÝ©ó¦Û¤vªº¡v¡A¤£®ø»¡¡A³o«ä·Q§ó¥[¥i©È¡A¦b·í¤µªº¥H¤Ú½Ä¬ð¤¤¡AÂù¤è³£¦³¿ù¥¢¡A¦ý¦³¨Ç¥H¦â¦C¤H»{¬°¦Û¤v¦³Åv¦¬´_¬ù®É¥N¯«©ÒÀ³³\ªº¤g¦a¡A³oºA«×¥u·|¥O°«ª§¥ÃµL¥ð¤î¡C²³æ¦a»¡¡A©Ò¿×¡u¥X©ó¯«¦®¡vªº±þ¤H¡B²]¶Ã¡B·m§T¡A¨ä¹ê¬OÀݥΩ~¦h¡C

¦b³o½g¤å³¹§Ú·Q´£¥X¤@­Ó¤Q¤À¤jÁxªº°²³]¡G§Y¨Ï¨È«¶®³¦CÁ|ªº¨Ò¤l¡A¬O¨È¯è©Ò»¡ªº¯S§O±Ò¥Ü¡A¦ý¥i¯à¥u¬O¥i¤@¦Ó¤£¥i¦Aªº¨Æ¥ó¡CÁ|¨Ò»¡¡A¨Ï®{¾¤À¦b²Ä¤@¥@¬ö¤w¸gµ´¶Ç¡A¸t¸g¦b¡i±Ò¥Ü¿ý¡j¤§«á¤w¸g¡u«Ê¨÷¡v¡C¦b¨âºØµ´¶Ç¤¤¡A¨Ï®{¬O¡u¤H¡vªºÅv«Â¡A¸g¨å¬O¡u¤åÄm¦¡¡vªºÅv«Â¡A´«¨¥¤§¡A¦b¤µ¤ÑµL½×¥ô¦ó¤H¡B¥ô¦ó¸g¨å»¡¦Û¤v¦³¯«ªº¯S§O±Ò¥Ü¡A§Ú­Ì¤´µM¦³²z¥Ñ¥h½èºÃ¡B¬Æ¦Ü©Úµ´¡C¬°¦¹¤§¬G¡A­»´ä¬Y»â³S´¿¸g¦ÛºÙ¬°¨Ï®{¡A¦ý´¶¹M±Ð·|³£¤£©Ó»{¨äÅv«Â¡A¡i¥iÄõ¸g¡j¡B¡i¼¯ªù¸g¡j¥X²{¦b¡i±Ò¥Ü¿ý¡j¤§«á¡A§Ú­Ì¥ç¤£±µ¨ü¥¦­Ì¬°¯«ªº±Ò¥Ü¡C

¬Ý¨ì³oùØ¡AÁo©úªºÅªªÌ¤w¸gª¾¹D¡A§ÚÁÙ¨S¦³¸Ñ¨M¬°¤°»ò¤W«Òªk«h¦n¹³¥i¥H­â¾r¹D¼w¦ÛµM«ß³o°ÝÃD¡A¤]¨S¦³¬°¡u°ò·þ±Ð²z©Ê¯´§Ç¡v§@¥X§¹º¡¸ÑÄÀ¡C¬JµM¸t¦h°¨¨È«¶®³¤]µLªk¸Ñ¨M³o°ÝÃD¡A¨º»ò§Ú´N¥u¦³±H±æ¨ä¥L°ª¤H¤F¡I

2004.2.24


°Ñ¦Ò®Ñ¥Ø

Ahern, G. (2003 Feb.). Personal Communication.

Aquinas, T. (1956). Treatise on law: Summa Theologica, Questions 90-97. Washington, D. C.: Regnery Publishing.

Burns, T. (2000). Aquinas¡¦s two doctrines of natural law. Political Studies, 48, 929-946.


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